路透111007】奥巴马以贸易重击中国-警惕货币法案

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中文标题】奥巴马以贸易重击中国-警惕货币法案

【原文标题】Obama hits China on trade; cautious on currency bill

【登载媒体】路透社


(Reuters) - President Barack Obama accused China on Thursday of "gaming" international trade by keeping its currency weak, but was cautious about a bill before the Senate aimed at pressing Beijing to revalue the yuan.
（路透社）-奥巴马于周四指责中国保持人民币不升值是在拿国际贸易做赌注，但在参议员就人民币升值问题向中国施压之前又对一项法案感到焦虑

The legislation, which calls for U.S. tariffs on imports from countries with deliberately undervalued currencies, will head toward a final Senate vote on Tuesday after efforts to bring action to a close faltered on Thursday.
这一法案呼吁美国当局对通过人为降低本国货币汇率支持出口的国家征收商品附加关税。在周四激烈的辩论后，参议院决定推迟对该议案的表决至下周二

Obama stopped short of explicitly backing the legislation and he restated concerns that any measure must comply with global trade rules. Still, in his toughest language on China to date, the president echoed the sponsors of the bill.
The measure, which has drawn warnings from Beijing that it could trigger a trade war, is still widely expected to pass.
奥巴马没有明确表明支持该法案，他重申，任何提案都必须遵守国际贸易规则。但奥巴马批评了中国的汇率政策，回应了对该议案的支持。这个提案已经遭到中国政府的反对，北京警告这可能激发一场贸易战争

"China has been very aggressive in gaming the trading system to its advantage and to the disadvantage of other countries, particularly the United States," Obama told a news conference focused on his bid to revive a weak U.S. economy."Currency manipulation is one example of it," he said.
“中国在制定贸易规则方面表现出一贯的强势态度，对自己采取有利措施，对别国采取不利措施，尤其针对美国”，奥巴马在一个振兴美国经济的新闻发布会上说，“操纵汇率就是一个例子”

Obama, who faces a tough bid for re-election next year, did not say whether he would sign or veto the legislation if it reached his desk. Both the Senate and the House of Representatives would have to approve the measure first."My main concern ... is whatever tools we put in place, let's make sure that these are tools that can actually work, that they're consistent with our international treaties and obligations," Obama said.
面临明年总统达选压力的奥巴马并未表明他是否将会签署或同意此项立法，参众两院代表须要首先批准此提案。奥巴马表示，我主要关注的是，无论我们采取何种方式，我们必须保证这些方式能够行之有效，并与我们的国际条约和国际义务相一致

"I don't want a situation where we're just passing laws that are symbolic knowing that they're probably not going to be upheld by the World Trade Organization," he said.
The authors of the bipartisan Currency Exchange Rate Oversight Reform Act insist the bill complies with WTO rules‘
“我们不想只是通过象征性的法案，而得不到世贸组织的实际支持”，起草汇率监管改革法(Currency Exchange Rate Oversight Reform Act)的跨党派人士称，该提案符合世贸组织(WTO)的规则

BOEHNER CALLS BILL "WRONG" AND "DANGEROUS"
Many economists say China holds down the value of its yuan currency to give its exporters an edge in global markets. China says it is committed to gradual currency reform and notes that the yuan has risen 30 percent against the dollar since 2005.
众议院议长贝纳称法案“错误并且危险”
许多经济学家称，中国为了使出口商在全球市场的竞争中具备优势而压低人民币汇率。中国回应说自己一直致力于汇率改革，自2005年以来人民币兑美元已累计升值30%

The Senate voted 62-38 on Thursday to curtail debate and send the bill toward a final vote in that chamber following a dispute between Republicans and Democrats over which amendments would be considered.
随着共和党和民主党对法案修订的争论，为减少争辩并对法案进行最后一轮投票，参议院在周四对法案进行投票，结果是62：38

Supporters say that decision, which required a super-majority of 60, virtually guarantees Senate approval, but the bill faces stronger opposition in the House where it may never face a vote.
法案支持者称超过绝大多数60的表决结果将保证参议院对此法案的通过，但是法案还将面临投票意外的来自议会的强大压力

"For the Congress of the United States to pass legislation to force the Chinese to do what is arguably very difficult to do I think is wrong, it's dangerous," House Speaker John Boehner said on Thursday."You could start a trade war," he warned.
“让美国国会通过立法迫使中国去做非常困难的事情，我认为这是错误并且危险的。”众议院议长贝纳周四表示。他警告称，“这可能引发一场贸易战。”

Some bill supporters, such as Senator Sherrod Brown, a Democrat from Boehner's home state of Ohio, say that won't happen because China can't afford a trade war with a country that annually buys more than $300 billion of its goods.
Others argue the United States is already in a battle for its economic life and not doing enough to defend itself.
来自内纳的老家俄亥俄州的民主党参议员布朗(SherrodBrown)和一些议案支持者认为贸易战不会发生，因为美国每年都会向中国购买价值3000亿美元的商品，中国打不起这样的贸易战。还有一些人认为美国已经陷入一场贸易战，而且并没有做好防御工作

"We're in a trade war," said Brian O'Shaughnessy, chairman of 210-year-old Revere Copper in Rome, New York, a maker of copper and brass products used in electrical, construction and other markets, who backs the legislation. "We're in an economic war for jobs and we're not fighting it. We're losing it."
“我们正在打贸易战”布莱恩·奥肖内西说。他是此立法的支持者，是在罗马、纽约有着210年历史的尊铜公司的董事长，制造用于电器、建筑及其他市场的黄铜制品。他说：“我们正在为了工作打一场经济战争，但我们没有在战斗，我们正在失去它。”

Boehner has the power to block the bill in his chamber, even though backers of the legislation say it has 225 House co-sponsors, including 61 Republicans -- enough for passage if it came to a vote.
尽管此项立法的支持者声称已经得到众议院225席的支持，其中包括共和党61席，如果表决的话已经足够可以通过，但是贝纳仍然有能力在他的议院组织此法案

House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi lost no time in stepping up pressure on the Republican leader."Now is the time for the House Republican leadership to stand with American workers by allowing the House to pass the bipartisan China currency bill, and put more Americans back to work," she said in a statement."We are in a very abusive relationship with China," that is costing the United States more than 1 million jobs, Pelosi told reporters later.
众议院民主党领袖南希·佩洛西加紧对共和党领袖施压。她在一次声明中说：“现在众议院共和党的领导应该与美国工人站在一起，应该允许议院通过两党的中国货币法案，让更多的美国人找回工作。”稍后她告诉记者说：“我们与中国的关系处于混乱状态”，代价是美国丧失了不少于一百万的工作机会

During his news conference, Obama touted his administration's record on pursuing cases against China at the World Trade Organization. He also noted he had taken great pains to stabilize ties with Beijing that have been dogged by disputes over trade, human rights and U.S. arms sales to Taiwan.
奥巴马在新闻发布会上鼓吹他在世贸组织向中国提反对议案的政府记录。他还提到由于贸易问题、人权问题以及对台军售等问题的影响，他花费了大量精力来稳定与中国的关系

VOTES VS. DIPLOMACY DILEMMA
投票VS外交困境

If the House were to pass the bill, Obama would face a dilemma. Signing it would anger China, whose cooperation the United States needs both on the economic front and in global hot spots such as North Korea.
But vetoing the bill would not play well in industrial heartland states like Ohio and Michigan, and could undercut Obama's bid for second term. A leading Republican candidate, Mitt Romney, has vowed to crack down on China over currency.
如果参议院通过该法案，奥巴马将陷入困境。如果签署会激怒中国，而中国是美国在经济和朝鲜问题上的重要伙伴。否决该法案则不利于像俄亥俄以及密歇根州这样的工业基地，也会削减奥巴马第二任期的投入。共和党候选人罗姆尼(MittRomney)宣誓将迫使中国降低人民币汇率。

"I think Obama would prefer not to take a position, but if he wants to be consistent with his past policies and statements, he will sign the bill," said Scott Paul, executive director of the Alliance for American Manufacturing.Obama said he believed "a win-win trading relationship with China" was possible.
安联美国地区的执行董事斯科特·鲍尔(ScottPaul)说，“我觉得奥巴马并不想表明姿态，但如果他想要维持过去政策的话，他将签署这个法案”，奥巴马始终坚信同中国的贸易存在“双赢”的可能

But he said competing with the world's second-biggest economy requires Washington to "make sure that we're aggressive in looking out for the interests of American workers and American businesses and that everybody is playing by the same rules and that we're not getting cheated in the process."
但他指出，与中国这个全球第二大经济体竞争，华盛顿必须“确保积极照顾美国工人和企业的利益，确保每个人都遵守相同的规则，并确保在整个过程中我们不会受到欺骗。”

Underscoring that stance, Trade Representative Ron Kirk accused China of flouting WTO rules by failing to notify the world trade body of nearly 200 Chinese government subsidy programs.
"The situation was simply intolerable," Kirk said in a statement, which also scolded India for being delinquent with the subsidy reports.
作为此立场的强调，贸易代表荣·柯克指责中国藐视世贸组织规则，没有向世贸组织告知中国将近200个中国政府补贴计划。柯克声明说：“这种情况是决不允许的”，并且声明中也对印度的补贴计划进行了谴责